CFCM ANALYSIS · SOURCE SCOPE CORRECTION
Primary evidence
What it actually demonstrates
The previously associated Wang et al. paper is a methodological study of longitudinal maturation modelling, not a multicentre spectral AML-MRD validation study. It analysed Bcl-2 and Ki-67 across 20 erythropoietic maturation stages in marrow from 25 MDS patients, 25 AML patients and 50 non-malignant controls using GLS and GEE-GLM approaches.
Wang SJ, Deneer R, Schoenmakers T, et al. A Robust Computational Workflow Utilizing Generalized Least Squares (GLS) and Generalized Estimating Equations (GEE-GLM) for Longitudinal Flow Cytometry Maturation Data Analysis. Cytometry Part A. 2026. DOI: 10.1002/cyto.a.70061.
Evidence boundary
Editorial correction: CFCM will not cite this paper as evidence that spectral AML MRD has already been standardised across multiple centres. The article is retained as an analysis of what multicentre standardisation would need to address; direct multicentre evidence must be cited separately when verified.
Verified methodological paper →Spectral cytometry offers high-dimensional phenotyping that is attractive for AML MRD, where abnormality may be recognised through combinations of deviations rather than a single stable marker.
Moving that workflow across centres introduces multiple layers of variation: instrument setup, spectral reference controls, sample preparation, antibody lots, analysis strategy and operator interpretation. A panel can be analytically strong at one site yet lose comparability across a network.
Standardisation therefore needs common reference procedures, shared QC metrics, harmonised analysis and explicit acceptance criteria for between-site performance.
CFCM view
Clinical value depends on reproducibility, transparent limitations and evidence in the intended workflow. Technical novelty is the beginning of validation, not its endpoint.
CFCM is an independent publication. References to manufacturers, instruments, reagents, software or therapies do not constitute endorsement. Technical content should be interpreted in the context of local validation, applicable regulation and manufacturer instructions for use.